Michel Foucault in tourism research

problematizing practices and experiences

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7784/rbtur.v18.2961

Keywords:

Tourism, Michel Foucault, Scientific Production

Abstract

The aim of this article is to understand the post-structuralist perspective inspired by Foucault in tourism research. This is a qualitative-quantitative exploratory-descriptive study. The data collection method used was bibliometrics, carried out at Scopus, Web of Science and Science Direct databases, by searching for the terms "Foucault" and "Foucauldian" combined with the term "Tourism" in titles, abstracts and keywords of complete articles. The results were 99 articles published between 1999 and 2023. From these, 158 authors were identified. The most frequently used keywords in the articles were Foucault, Tourism and Discourse. In order to delve deeper into the themes, articles published between 2020 and 2023 were selected, totalling 35 papers. In these articles, tourism is discussed using the Foucauldian concepts of discourse, heterotopia, power relations, biopower/biopolitics, governmentality and ethics, highlighting emerging themes in the field of tourism that materialise postmodern concerns and discussions, including: the tourist gaze; the sharing economy; dark tourism; tourismphobia; working conditions in tourism and hospitality; tourism and indigenous peoples; relations between leisure and the use of smartphones; and gender relations in tourism.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Priscilla Teixeira da Silva, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brasil.

Doutoranda em Turismo e Hotelaria pela Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (Univali). Mestra em Turismo pela Universidade de Brasília (UNB). Tecnóloga/Área: Turismo da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Bolsista da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Contribuições: concepção da pesquisa, revisão da literatura, coleta dos achados, análise de dados, discussão dos resultados.

Luciano Torres Tricárico, 2Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Balneário Camboriú, SC, Brasil.

Arquiteto e urbanista, mestre e doutor em Arquitetura pela Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo (FAU) da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Coordenador do Programa de Pós-graduação em Turismo e Hotelaria da Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI). Docente e pesquisador do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental (PPCTA) da Universidade do Vale do Itajaí. Líder do Grupo de Pesquisa Hospitalidade, Turismo e Gastronomia (vinculado ao CNPq). Diretor Institucional da ANPTUR (2020-2024). Bolsista Produtividade CNPq (2020-2023). Contribuições: concepção da pesquisa, revisão da literatura, discussão dos resultados.

Yolanda Flores e Silva, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Balneário Camboriú, SC, Brasil.

Enfermeira e Antropóloga, mestre em Antropologia Social e doutora em Enfermagem / Filosofia da Saúde pela Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina com Pós-Doutoramento em Turismo pela Universidade do Algarve. Docente e Pesquisadora do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Gestão do Trabalho / Colaboradora no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Turismo e Hotelaria da Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI); líder do Grupo de Pesquisa Saúde, Cultura, Espaço e Sociedade (vinculado ao CNPq); Bolsista Produtividade CNPq (2017-2020). Contribuições: concepção da pesquisa, revisão da literatura, discussão dos resultados.

References

Altamirano, M. E. (2022). Legitimizing discourses within favela tourism. Tourism Geographies, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2022.2154380

Ampumuza, C., Duineveld, M., & Duim, R. van der (2020). The most marginalized people in Uganda? Alternative reali-ties of Batwa at Bwindi Impenetrable National Park. World Development Perspectives, 20, 100267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2020.100267

Armas-Díaz, A., Östreicher, M., & Denzer, V. (2021). The airbnb regime: The end of non-professional short-term rent-als?: A case study in Western Leipzig. Berichte Geographie und Landeskunde, 94(1), 64–81. https://doi.org/10.25162/bgl-2021-0004

Brown, M. S. (2021). Heterophotographies: play, power, privilege and spaces of otherness in Chinese tourist photog-raphy. Culture, Theory and Critique, 62(3), 307–337. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735784.2021.1943698

Cai, W., & McKenna, B. (2021). Power and Resistance: Digital-Free Tourism in a Connected World. Journal of Travel Research, 62(2), 290-304. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875211061208

Castro, E. (2009). Vocabulário de Foucault: um percurso pelos seus temas, conceitos e autores. Autêntica Editora.

Choi, M.-A. (2020). Multiple environmental subjects: Governmentalities of ecotourism development in Jeungdo, South Korea. Geoforum, 110, 77–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.01.011

Coëffé, V., & Morice, J.-R. (2020). The Parisian department store as a paradigmatic place for interactions between tourism and shopping: the production of a heterotopia. Belgeo, 1. https://doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.43367

Deville, A., Wearing, S., & McDonald, M. (2016). Tourism and Willing Workers on Organic Farms: a collision of two spaces in sustainable agriculture. Journal of Cleaner Production, 111, 421–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.12.071

Farmaki, A., Stergiou, D. P., & Christou, P. (2020). Sharing economy: peer-to-peer accommodation as a foucauldian heterotopia. Tourism Review, 76(3), 570-578. https://doi.org/10.1108/tr-08-2019-0354

Foley, C., Grabowski, S., Small, J., & Wearing, S. (2018). Women of the Kokoda: From Poverty to Empowerment in Sustainable Tourism Development. Tourism Culture & Communication, 18(1), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.3727/109830418x15180180585158

Foucault, M. (1998). História da sexualidade 2: O uso dos prazeres. Editora Graal.

Foucault, M. (2006). Ditos e Escritos IV: Estratégia, Poder-Saber. Editora Forence Universitária.

Foucault, M. (2008a). A arqueologia do saber. Forense Universitária.

Foucault, M. (2008b). Segurança, território, população: curso dado no Collège de France (1977-1978). Martins Fontes.

Foucault, M. (2011). Do governo dos vivos: Curso no Collège de France, 1979-1980 (aulas de 09 e 30 de janeiro de 1980). Centro de Cultura Social.

Foucault, M. (2013). De espaços outros. Estudos Avançados, 27(79), 113–122. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-40142013000300008

Foucault, M. (2014a). Vigiar e punir: nascimento da prisão. Editora Vozes.

Foucault, M. (2014b). A ordem do discurso: Aula inaugural no Collège de France, pronunciada em 2 de dezembro de 1970. Edições Loyola.

Foucault, M. (2016). Microfísica do Poder. Paz e Terra.

Gil, A. C. (2008). Métodos e Técnicas de Pesquisa Social (6th ed.). Atlas.

González-Reverté, F., & Soliguer-Guix, A. (2022). Tourismification narratives and the “Transformative turn” in tourism. An analysis derived from the Spanish press debate on the Barcelona tourism model. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 25(5), 1324-1343. https://doi.org/10.1177/13675494221084119

Gutting, G. (2006). Introduction Michel Foucault: A user's manual. In: Gutting, G. (Eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Foucault (pp. 1-28). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hanna, P. (2013). A break from “reality”: An investigation into the “experiments with subjectivity” on offer within the promotion of sustainable tourism in the UK. Journal of Consumer Culture, 13(3), 366–386. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540513485270

Hanna, P., Johnson, K., Stenner, P., & Adams, M. (2014). Foucault, sustainable tourism, and relationships with the environment (human and nonhuman). GeoJournal, 80(2), 301–314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-014-9557-7

Hanna, P., Scarles, C., Cohen, S., & Adams, M. (2016). Everyday climate discourses and sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(12), 1624–1640. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2015.1136636

Hermand, M.-H. (2022). Media Adaptations of Archives in Scientific Communication: A Study of the “Transfrontier Mountain Tourism” Semiotic Scenario. Journal of Alpine Research | Revue de Géographie Alpine, 110(1). https://doi.org/10.4000/rga.10204

Ho, E. (2022). Heterotopic Heritage in Hong Kong: Tai Kwun and Neo-Victorian Carceral Space. Humanities, 11(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/h11010012

Holden, W. N. (2023). Bonnie and Clyde’s extrajudicial killing: Gibsland, Louisiana’s dark tourism. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 18(5), 658–675. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873x.2023.2232902

Hollinshead, K. (1999). Surveillance of the worlds of tourism: Foucault and the eye-of-power. Tourism Management, 20(1), 7–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0261-5177(98)00090-9

Huang, X., Han, Y., Meng, Q., Zeng, X., & Liao, H. (2022). Do the DMO and the Tourists Deliver the Similar Image? Re-search on Representation of the Health Destination Image Based on UGC and the Theory of Discourse Power: A Case Study of Bama, China. Sustainability, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020953

Iaquinto, B. L., Bennett, M. M., & Liu, X. (2023). The biopolitics of Chinese tourism governance in the Arctic. Geo-grafiska Annaler Series B, Human Geography, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/04353684.2023.2224356

Johnson, A.-G. (2020). We are not yet done exploring the hospitality workforce. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 86, 102402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102402

Johnson, A.-G., Rickly, J. M., & McCabe, S. (2021). Smartmentality in Ljubljana. Annals of Tourism Research, 86, 103094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.103094

Lapointe, D., & Coulter, M. (2020). Place, Labor, and (Im)mobilities: Tourism and Biopolitics. Tourism Culture & Communication, 20(2), 95–105. https://doi.org/10.3727/109830420x15894802540160

Machado, R. (2006). Foucault, a ciência e o saber (3th ed.). Zahar.

Malhotra, N. K. (2012). Pesquisa de marketing: uma orientação aplicada (6th ed.). Bookman.

Medeiros, J. M. G. de, & Vitoriano, M. A. V. (2015). A evolução da bibliometria e sua interdisciplinaridade na produção científica brasileira. Revista Digital de Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação, 13(3), 491-503. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rdbci.v13i3.8635791

Meekes, J. F., Buda, D. M., & de Roo, G. (2020). Socio-spatial complexity in leisure development. Annals of Tourism Research, 80, 102814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2019.102814

Melis, C., & Chambers, D. (2021). The construction of intangible cultural heritage: A Foucauldian critique. Annals of Tourism Research, 89, 103206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103206

Mody, M., Woosnam, K. M., Suess, C., & Dogru, T. (2020). Hapless victims or empowered citizens? Understanding residents’ attitudes towards Airbnb using Weber’s Theory of Rationality and Foucauldian concepts. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 31(2), 284-306. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1834567

Moon, K., & Cho, H. D. (2023). Biopolitics and a right to tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 27(8), 1265-1280. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2023.2203852

Morgan, A. (2010). Discourse Analysis: An Overview for the Neophyte Researcher.

Mugnaini, R., Fujino, A., & Kobashi, N. Y. (2017). Bibliometria e cientometria no Brasil: infraestrutura para avaliação da pesquisa científica na era do Big Data [Apresentação de artigo]. 5º Encontro Brasileiro de Bibliometria e Cientometria, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. https://www.eca.usp.br/acervo/producao-academica/002842704.pdf

Parezanović, T. (2020). Tourist Writing: Facing and Embracing the Otherness of Space and Narrative. Sic: časopis za književnost, kulturu i književno prevođenje, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.15291/sic/2.10.lc.1

Piovesan, A., & Temporini, E. R. (1995). Pesquisa exploratória: procedimento metodológico para o estudo de fatores humanos no campo da saúde pública. Revista de Saúde Pública, 29(4), 318-325. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89101995000400010

Pludwinski, B. J., & Grimwood, B. S. R. (2021). (Re)producing wilderness tourism discourses in Algonquin Provincial Park. Tourist Studies, 21(3), 424-443. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797621989207

Pritchard, A. (1969). Statistical bibliography or bibliometrics? Journal of Documentation, 25, 348-349.

Ramos, S. P., & Mundet, L. (2020). Tourism-phobia in Barcelona: dismantling discursive strategies and power games in the construction of a sustainable tourist city. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 19(1), 113-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2020.1752224

Revel, J. (2005). Michel Foucault: conceitos essenciais. Claraluz.

Sabatini, F. (2023). Dalla remoteness all’attrattività turistica. Un’analisi di discorsi nazionali e locali sulle aree interne. Rivista Geografica Italiana/Rivista Geografica Italiana, 2, 5–21. https://doi.org/10.3280/rgioa2-2023oa15919

Samarathunga, W. H. M. S., Cheng, L., & Weerathunga, P. (2020). Buddhist gaze and power in a post-war destination: case study of Jaffna, Sri Lanka. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 19(5), 654-680. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2020.1849241

Samarathunga, W. H. M. S., & Cheng, L. (2021). Tourist gaze and beyond: state of the art. Tourism Review, 76(2), 344–357. https://doi.org/10.1108/tr-06-2020-0248

Santos, R.N.M. dos, & Kobashi, N.Y. (2009). Bibliometria, cientometria, infometria: conceitos e aplicações. BRAPCI - Base de Dados em Ciência da Informação. https://brapci.inf.br/index.php/res/download/119753

Sarmadhikari, S. (2020). Representing Kolkata: A Study of “Gaze” Construction in Amit Chaudhuri’s Calcutta: Two Years in the City and Bishwanath Ghosh’s Longing Belonging: An Outsider at Home in Calcutta. Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v12n3.32

Sforzini, A., & Verlengia, C. (2019). Governing free subjects: flesh, resistance and obedience. Fórum Linguístico, 16(3), 3885–3898. https://doi.org/10.5007/1984-8412.2019v16n3p3885

Soares, S. V., Picolli, I. R. A., & Casagrande, J. L. (2018). Pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa bibliométrica, artigo de revisão e ensaio teórico em Administração e Contabilidade. Administração: Ensino e Pesquisa, 19(2), 308-339. https://doi.org/10.13058/raep.2018.v19n2.970

Tague-Sutcliffe, J. (1992). An introduction to informetrics. Information Processing & Management, 28(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4573(92)90087-g

Tomassini, L., Lamond, I., & Burrai, E. (2021). Global Citizenship & Parrhesia in Small Values-Based Tourism Firms. Leisure Sciences, 45(7), 628-646. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2021.1874574

Tomassini, L., & Bertella, G. (2023). The human gaze at animals and the missing animal gaze in tourism studies. Current Issues in Tourism, 27(3), 350-355. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2023.2215920

Tzanelli, R. (2021). Post-viral tourism’s antagonistic tourist imaginaries. Journal of Tourism Futures, 7(3), 377-389. https://doi.org/10.1108/jtf-07-2020-0105

Wang, M., & Zhou, Y. (2022). The production and evolution of urban cultural and creative tourism destination from the perspective of power space: A case study of Tianzifang, Shanghai. Geographical Research, 41(2), 373-289. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj020201265

Wang, S., & Sun, J. (2023). Embodiment of feminine subjectivity by women of a tourism destination. Journal of Sus-tainable Tourism, 31(6), 1447-1463. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2022.2053858

Wearing, S., & McDonald, M. (2002). The Development of Community-based Tourism: Re-thinking the Relationship Between Tour Operators and Development Agents as Intermediaries in Rural and Isolated Area Communi-ties. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 10(3), 191–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580208667162

Wearing, S. L., Wearing, M., & McDonald, M. (2010). Understanding local power and interactional processes in sus-tainable tourism: exploring village–tour operator relations on the Kokoda Track, Papua New Guinea. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(1), 61–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580903071995

Wight, A. C. (2016). Lithuanian genocide heritage as discursive formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 59, 60–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2016.04.002

Wight, A. C. (2019). Putting Foucault to work in tourism research. International Journal of Tourism Research, 21(1), 122–133. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2246

Wight, A. C. (2020). Visitor perceptions of European Holocaust Heritage: A social media analysis. Tourism Manage-ment, 81, 104142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104142

Yıldırım, M. (2021). Tracing the consent, adaptation and resistance practices of an “unsustainable” workforce: The governmentality of workplaces in tourism industry. Tourism Management, 84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104260

Downloads

Published

2024-09-23

How to Cite

Silva, P. T. da, Tricárico, L. T., & Silva, Y. F. e. (2024). Michel Foucault in tourism research: problematizing practices and experiences. Revista Brasileira De Pesquisa Em Turismo, 18, 2961 . https://doi.org/10.7784/rbtur.v18.2961

Issue

Vol. 18 (2024)

Section

Articles - Tourism and Society

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Priscilla Teixeira da Silva, Luciano Torres Tricárico, Yolanda Flores e Silva

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

a. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

b. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

c. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).