The challenges faced by people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) for tourism practice
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7784/rbtur.v17.2788Keywords:
Accessibility, Social inclusion, Accessible tourismAbstract
This article aims to present the obstacles faced by people with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) for tourism practice and to investigate possible solutions for their inclusion in tourism. The methodology, of a qualitative nature, was outlined through the application of a questionnaire made available on Google Forms and sent to 143 people with ASD and family members in order to understand the obstacles faced and what suggestions these individuals presented for their complete inclusion in the practice of tourism. The theoretical basis contemplates accessible tourism and the characteristics of ASD in this context. The results show that the individuals surveyed need qualified service and infrastructure and that due to the lack of those many stop travelling. Regarding the solutions, it appears that employee training, knowledge about ASD and adequate infrastructure are the greatest demands according to those interviewees and after those requirements there is a possibility of returning to the destination and/or enterprise.
Downloads
References
Amet, L. (2013). Holiday, What Holiday? Vacation Experiences of Children with Autism and Their Families. Autism Open Acess, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000123.
Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT). (2015). NBR 9050:Acessibilidade a edificações, mobiliário, espaços e equipamentos urbanos. ABNT.
Autistic Advocacy. (2021). Autism Research: Nothing About Us, Without Us!. https://autisticadvocacy.org/2021/07/autism-research-nothing-about-us-without-us/.
Autism Society. (2021). Autism Society Addresses Increased Autism Prevalence Rates in 2021 CDC Report. https://autismsociety.org/national-statement-autism-society-addresses-increased-autism-prevalence-rates-in-2021-cdc-report/.
Barreto, R. (2006). A Política de Mobilidade Urbana e a Acessibilidade das Pessoas com Deficiências. Conferência Nacional dos Direitos da Pessoa com Deficiência. Brasília. https://doi.org/10.46848/056614.
Barros Neto, S. G., Brunoni, D., & Cysneiros, R. M. (2019). Abordagem psicofarmacológica no transtorno do espectro autista: uma revisão narrativa. Caderno de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios de Desenvolvimento, 19 (2), 38-60. https://doi.org/10.5935/cadernosdisturbios.v19n2p38-60.
Brasil (2015). Lei n. 13.146 de 6 de julho de 2015. Lei Brasileira de Inclusão da Pessoa com Deficiência (Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência). Brasília. https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2015-2018/2015/lei/l13146.htm.
Brasil (2020). Lei n. 13.977 de 8 de janeiro de 2020. Altera a Lei n. 12.764, de 27 de dezembro de 2012 (Lei Berenice Piana), e a Lei n. 9.265, de 12 de fevereiro de 1996, para instituir a Carteira de Identificação da Pessoa com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (Ciptea), e dá outras providências. Presidência da Re-pública. https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2019-2022/2020/lei/l13977.htm#.
Chiscano, M. C. (2021). Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and the Family Inclusive Airport Design Experience. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137206.
Conde, A. R., Mota, P., Botelho, T., Silva, O., Rego, I. & Caldeira, S. (2022). Turismo Náutico Inclusivo Dirigido a Crianças com Diagnóstico com Perturbação do Espectro Autista (PEA): Potencialidades. Em: Turismo Náutico: A gestão sustentável dos recursos hídrico-fluvial, cultural e natural, p. 229-248. Instituto Politécnico de Tomar. https://doi.org/10.17771/pucrio.acad.13836.
Costa, U. (2013). Autismo no Brasil, um grande desafio! A história de luta de um pai e a origem da Lei Federal 12.764, Lei Berenice Piana. Rio de Janeiro: WAK Editora.
Darcy, S., McKercher, B. & Schweinsberg, S. (2020). From tourism and disability to accessible tourism: a per-spective article. Tourism review, 75 (1), 140-144. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-07-2019-0323.
Dempsey, R., Healy, O., Lundy, E., Banks, J. & Lawler, M. (2021). Air travel experiences of autistic children/young people. Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights, (2),1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annale.2021.100026.
Dencker, A. D. F. M. (2003). Métodos e técnicas de pesquisa em turismo. São Paulo: Editora Futura, 1, 286 p.
Duarte, D. C., Borda, G. Z., Moura, D. G. & Spezia, D. S. (2015). Turismo acessível no Brasil: um estudo exploratório sobre as políticas públicas e o processo de inclusão das pessoas com deficiência. Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo, 9(3), 537-553. https://doi.org/10.7784/rbtur.v9i3.863.
Elsabbagh, M., Divan, G, Koh, Y., Kim, Y. S., Kauchali, S., Marcin, C., Montiel-Nava, C., Patel, V., Paula, C. S., Wang, C, Yasamy, M. T. & Frombonne, E. (2012). Global Prevalence of Autism and Other Pervasive De-velopmental Disorders. Autism Research, 5(3), 160–179. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.239.
Freund, D., Chiscano, M. C., Hernandez-Maskivker, G., Guix, M., Iñesta, A. & Castelló, M. (2019). Enhancing the hospitality customer experience of families with children on the autism spectrum disorder. International Journal of Tourism Research, 21(5), 606–614. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2284.
Gaiato, M. (2018). S.O.S. Autismo. São Paulo: Nversos, 2.
Gillovic, B. & McIntosh, A. (2020). Accessibility and inclusive tourism development: current state and future agenda. Sustainability, (12), 9722, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229722.
Hamed, H. (2013). Tourism and autism: an initiative study for how travel companies can plan tourism trips for autistic people. American Journal of Tourism Management, 2(1), 1-14. http://doi.org/10.5923/j.tourism.20130201.01.
Içöz, O. (2019). Engelli̇ Çocuklar ve Turi̇zm (Children with Disabilities and Tourism). Sivas İnterdisipliner Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3, p. 1-8. http://sita.cumhuriyet.edu.tr/tr/pub/issue/46300/581921.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE, 2010). Cartilha Do Censo 2010: Pessoas com Deficiência, 1, Brasília, 32 p.https://inclusao.enap.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/cartilha-censo-2010-pessoas-com-deficienciareduzido-original-eleitoral.pdf.
Karl, M., Bauer, A., Ritchie, W. B. & Passauer, M. (2020). The impact of travel constraints on travel decision-making: A comparative approach of travel frequencies and intended travel participation. Journal of Des-tination Marketing & Management, 18, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100471.
Li, Q., Li, Y., Liu, B., Chen, Q., Xing, X., Xu, G. & Yang, W. (2022). Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children and Adolescents in the United States from 2019 to 2020. JAMA Pediatrics, 176(9), 943-945. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.1846.
Liasidou, S., Fella, K. & Stylianou, C. (2022). A sustainable destionation is an accessible destination examining the relationship as a remedy to seasonality. World Wide Hospitality and Tourism Themes. 14 (5), 481-491. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/WHATT-07-2022-0078/full/html.
Liu, Y. Y. J., Koseoglu, M. A., Wong, A. K. F. & Kim, A. K. F. (2023). Contributions of people with disabilities to the research on the intellectual structure of the hospitality and tourism literature. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management. 54, 42-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.10.007.
Macedo, C. F. & Sousa, B. M. (2019). A acessibilidade no etourism: um estudo na ótica das pessoas portadoras de necessidades especiais. PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 17 (4). https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2019.17.050.
Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais (DSM-V, 2014). American Psychiatric Association (APA). Artmed, 5, 992 p., Porto Alegre.
Menezes, M. (2020). O diagnóstico do Transtorno do Espectro Autista na fase adulta. Monografia (Especialização). Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/35946.
Mineiro, M. (2020). Pesquisa de survey e amostragem: aportes teóricos elementares. Revista de Estudos em Educação e Diversidade, 1 (2), 284-306. https://doi.org/10.22481/reed.v1i2.7677.
Ministério da Saúde. (2015). Linha de cuidado para a atenção integral às pessoas com transtorno do espectro do autismo e suas famílias no sistema único de saúde. Brasília. https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/linha_cuidado_atencao_pessoas_transtorno.pdf.
Ministério do Turismo. (2014). Cartilha Programa Turismo Acessível. Brasília. https://turismoacessivel.gov.br/ta/downloads/sobre/Cartilha_Versao_Final.pdf.
Neo, W. X. & Flaherty, G. T. (2019). Autism Spectrum Disorder and International Travel. International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health. March, 7 (1), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.01.
Oliveira, M. M. (2007). Como Fazer Pesquisa Qualitativa. São Paulo: Vozes, 232 p.
Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS, 2022). Autism spectrum disorders. Who.int. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/autism-spectrum-disorders.
Ozonoff, S., Young, G., Carter, A., Messinger, D., Yirmiya, N. & Bryson, S. (2011). Recurrence Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Baby Siblings Research Consortium Study. Pediatrics, 128(3). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-2825.
Richardson, R. J. (1999). Pesquisa Social: Métodos e Técnicas. São Paulo: Atlas, 3, 27 p.
Rua, M. G. (2006). Turismo e políticas públicas de inclusão. In: Turismo Social: diálogos do turismo: uma viagem de inclusão. Brasil. Ministério do Turismo. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Brasileiro de Administração Municial (IBAM), 360 p.
Sălceanu, C. & Sandu, M. L. (2020). Anxiety and depression in parents of disabled children. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 3(1), 141–150. https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v3i1.92.
Załuska, U., Kwiatkowska-Ciotucha, D. & Grze´skowiak, A. (2022). Travelling from perspective of persons with disability: results of an international survey. Internacional Journal of Environment Research and Public Health. 19 (10575), 1-13, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710575.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Donária Coelho Duarte, Maria Luíza Araújo Mora
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
a. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
b. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
c. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
