Socioeconomic Impacts of Ecotourism in Brazilian National Parks
A Typological Analysis of Municipalities in their Areas of Influence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7784/rbtur.v20.3505Keywords:
Clustering, Nature Tourism, Natural Protected AreaAbstract
National Parks are protected natural areas that attract ecotourists due to their scenic and cultural attributes. In Brazil, their creation also implies restrictions on land use, influencing local productive dynamics. At the same time, they can generate tourist flows capable of partially compensating for limitations imposed on other economic activities. This study analyzed the socioeconomic impacts of tourism in 197 municipalities with territorial overlap with National Parks, based on data from RAIS, IBGE, and ICMBio. Jobs and tourism establishments were estimated from the Characteristic Tourism Activities, adjusted by the IPEA demand coefficient. The analysis adopted a quantitative approach, applying descriptive statistics techniques and hybrid cluster analysis (hierarchical and K-means), accompanied by internal and external validation procedures to identify territorial patterns. The results revealed four distinct municipal typologies. Most show low integration of tourism into the local economy, while an intermediate group demonstrates greater productive diversification with significant participation from the sector. A smaller group exhibits tourism specialization, while two consolidated centers concentrate a high absolute number of jobs and structured infrastructure. It is concluded that the socioeconomic impacts associated with National Parks are heterogeneous and that their presence alone does not guarantee local economic dynamism.
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