Especialização dual ou trajetórias divergentes?
Padrões setoriais do turismo e da tecnologia nas regiões europeias NUTS-3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7784/rbtur.v20.3530Palavras-chave:
Especialização regional, Estrutura setorial, Turismo, Tecnologia, Regiões europeiasResumo
Este artigo examina a coexistência entre turismo e tecnologia nas regiões europeias NUTS-3, utilizando dados de emprego do Eurostat para o período 2003–2023. Um índice de especialização relativa é construído para classificar as regiões de acordo com seus perfis setoriais, e um teste de Bai–Perron identifica uma quebra estrutural em torno de 2010, permitindo a comparação entre os períodos pré e pós-choque. Os resultados mostram uma forte persistência nos padrões de especialização regional, juntamente com mudanças moderadas de configurações de dupla especialização para estruturas mais assimétricas. Perfis de baixa especialização predominam, especialmente nas regiões de menor renda, enquanto regiões de maior renda estão mais frequentemente associadas a perfis intensivos em tecnologia e de dupla especialização. As mudanças estruturais são específicas de cada setor e dependem do nível de renda, com a especialização relacionada à tecnologia apresentando maior variabilidade em ambos os grupos de renda, particularmente entre as regiões de maior renda. De forma geral, o turismo e a tecnologia coexistem frequentemente em configurações regionais diferenciadas associadas a diferentes condições iniciais e perfis setoriais. Ao fornecer evidência a um nível territorial bastante desagregado, este trabalho contribui para a literatura ao ir além das interpretações dicotómicas do desenvolvimento setorial e ao evidenciar a coexistência de múltiplas trajetórias regionais heterogéneas na interação entre turismo e tecnologia.
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